Happy Birthday, Elena! The First Female Ph.D., and Other Women Pioneers

Kudos to all the women who read when they didn’t have to.

One such woman was Lady Elena Lucretia Cornaro-Piscopia – born 375 years ago today on 5 June 1646. A true Renaissance woman, Elena Cornaro owns the distinction of being the first woman in the world to receive a Ph.D. (University of Padua, 1678). An expert musician, she mastered the harpsichord, the clavichord, the harp, and the violin. By age 11, she was proficient in Latin, Greek, French, and Spanish, adding Hebrew and Arabic in her teens. Before she was 20, she was studying physics, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and linguistics… then set her sights on a doctorate in theology.

Nineteen Eighty-Four, So Old It’s New Again

Who controls the past controls the future.
Who controls the present controls the past.

George Orwell, 1984
1984: The Graphic Novel

George Orwell might have been alluding to the dangers of stealth-editing when he wrote these lines for his 1949 dystopian novel. It’s funny to think that a work of fiction once so futuristic is now “so old” it no longer has copyright protection, but it’s true, as true as two plus two is… four. Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel entered the public domain in the United Kingdom this year. With Orwell’s final book hitting the bestseller lists at various times during the last decade (pretty impressive for a 70-plus-year-old work), I expect we’ll see numerous U.K.-based publishers coming out with their own creative editions. The first-ever graphic novel adaptation is already slated for release in August.